Finance - 1020 Words

SunShine Systems (trends, ratios stock performance) (LO3) SunShine Systems is a leading supplier of computer related products, including servers, workstations, storage devices, and network switches. In the letter to stockholders as part of the 2012 annual report, President and CEO Scott G. McNealy offered the following remarks: Fiscal 2012 was clearly a mixed bag for Sun, the industry, and the economy as a whole. Still, we finished with revenue growth of 16 percent—and that’s significant. We believe it’s a good indication that Sun continued to pull away from the pack and gain market share. For that, we owe a debt of gratitude to our employees worldwide, who aggressively brought costs down— even as they continued to bring exciting new†¦show more content†¦ibit 2 SUNSHINE SYSTEMS, INC | Consolidated Balance Sheets (in millions) | Assets | 2012 | 2011 | Current assets: | | | Cash and cash equivalents | $ 1,480 | $ 1,855 | Short-term investments | 595 | 735 | Accounts receivable, net allowances of $410 in 2012 and $534 in 2011 | 2,975 | 2,710 | Inventories | 1,063 | 565 | Deferred tax assets | 1,012 | 483 | Prepaids and other current assets | 979 | 492 | Total current assets | 8,104 | 6,840 | Property, plant and equipment, net | 2,710 | 2,105 | Long-term investments | 4,680 | 4,506 | Goodwill, net of accumulated amortization of $349 in 2012 and $88 in 2011 | 2,061 | 185 | Other assets, net | 850 | 545 | | $18,405 | $14,181 | Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | | | Current liabilities: | | | Short-term borrowings | $ 5 | $ 10 | Accounts payable | 1,070 | 944 | Accrued payroll-related liabilities | 498 | 771 | Accrued liabilities and other | 1,384 | 1,175 | Deferred revenues and customer deposits | 1,847 | 1,299 | Warranty reserve | 335 | 221 | Income taxes payable | 100 | 230 | Total current liabilities | 5,239 | 4,650 | Deferred income taxes | 754 | 587 | Long-term debt and other obligations | 1,710 | 1,730 | Total debt | $ 7,703 | $ 6,967 | Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ equity: | | | Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10 shares authorized (1 share which has beenShow MoreRelatedFinance1352 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial manager differ from the traditional financial manager? Does the modern financial managers role differ for the large diversified firm and the small to medium size firm? The traditional financial manager was generally involved in the regular finance activities, e.g., banking operations, record keeping, management of the cash flow on a regular basis, and informing the funds requirements to the top management, etc. But, the role of financial manager has been enhanced in the todays environment;Read MoreFinance1074 Words   |  5 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE COURSE CORPORATE FINANCE 2.1 Working Capital Management Sept. 2014 Ir Frank W. van den Berg mba Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam ALYX Financial Consultancy bv, Aerdenhout FWvdB/2014 1 OUTLINE CORPORATE FINANCE FWvdB/2014 †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Basics Guiding principles †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Time value of money + Capital Budgeting †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of CF + Bonds †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Valuation of shares (+ co.’s) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Analysis (Ratios) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ Financial Planning (EFN) †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¯ à  Ã¯Æ'   Working Cap. Mgt. (A/R,Read MoreThe Finance1054 Words   |  5 Pagesrequires intentional short-term and long-term planning. More importantly, in order for capital management to be deemed successful, it is required that all members of an organization are on board. â€Å"Capital budgeting is not only important to people in finance or accounting, it is essential to people throughout the business organization†lt; /spangt; (Block, Hirt, amp; Danielsen, 2011). As the duration of the investment period increases, and the size of investment increases, the residual risk also increasesRead MoreEquity Finance And Debt Finance823 Words   |  4 PagesStockholders are those entities who provide a company with the risk capital such as preference share owners and ordinary share owners (Freeman and Reed, 1983). Generally, stockholderis one of long-term finance providers with the aim to maximize their wealth.According toBrickleyet al. (1985), long-term finance provi ders are more likely to focus on the matter whether the financial structure in the company is sound or not and the durability of profitabilityrather than temporary profits that a potentiallyRead MoreFinance, Economics, And Finance Essay1245 Words   |  5 Pagesalso studied business, management, economics, and finance. These courses impressed upon me the importance of the financial sector in the economy. Finance professionals have the unique responsibility of managing assets and analyzing risks to ensure the future success of a company or organization. It is difficult to overstate the importance of this role, as the financial crisis of 2009 showed. It is due to my understanding of the importance of finance and investment, coupled with my longstanding interestRead MoreFinance : Finance A Carry Trade1144 Words   |  5 PagesIn finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) Th e country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicatedRead MoreFinance, Banking And Finance Industry2170 Words   |  9 Pagescomplete your transaction and move on with your day. The last thing on your mind is how that transaction is taking place. You don’t care what happens behind the scenes as long as your money is where it needs to be and is safe. As the banking and finance industry has transformed, so has the process of how your money is handled. To accompany those changes, regulators and lawmakers create laws designed to protect consumers, banks, and the economy as a whole. As you will learn, the history of the bankingRead MoreFinance : Finance A Carry Trade Essay1144 Words   |  5 Pages In finance a carry trade is a strategy that consists of borrowing at a low interest rate currency to fund investment in higher yielding currencies. (Moffett) The country in which the investors borrow from is called the funding country and the country where the investment occurs is called the target country. (4) Carry trade is also termed currency carry trade; this strategy is speculative in that the currency risk is present and not managed or hedged. (Moffett) Although there are several complicatedRead MoreFinance998 Words   |  4 PagesPlant Improvements Total Investments: total investment in plant and equipment brought forward from the Production spreadsheet. Sales of Plant and Equipment : total sales of plant and equipment brought foraad from the Production spreadsheet. Common Stock * Shares Outstanding: The number of shares of common stock in the hands of shareholders. Reflect any issue/ retire stock transaction at the beginning of this year * Price Per Share: stock price as of yesterday’s close. Stock will be issuedRead MoreInternal Sources Of Finance And Finance Essay2349 Words   |  10 PagesInternal sources of finance: Internal sources of finance are funds that arise from within the business such as profits as they can be retained to grow the finance and selling assets. Retained profit Retained profit is the money kept in the company after paying dividends. It is used to reinvest in the business or to pay debt. It comes by a business after it makes profit and is kept separate to use in other ways such as expanding the business by developing new buildings or certain areas, buying new

Historical Investigation Report On John F. Kennedy

Riley Regan Mrs. Arrembide Period 1 14, April, 2015 Historical Investigation Report It’s November 22nd, 1963, President John F. Kennedy sits with his wife, Jackie, in the back of a limo (O’Reilly 257). Their driver, Bill Greer, takes them through the streets of Dallas, as people crowd the sidewalks to catch a glimpse of their beloved president. President Kennedy waves as people cheer and applaud him. Then a shot rings out, followed rapidly by two more shots. The people of Dallas are horrified as they watch President Kennedy’s head jolt back, blood spattering all over the frantic Jackie Kennedy. The limo speeds off, but it’s too late. Lee Harvey Oswald, the man responsible for those gun shots, has forever changed the course of history. John F. Kennedy was President during the height of the Cold War, one of the most troubling 20th century times in United States history. An incompetent President could’ve made disastrous mistakes, but President Kennedy rose to the challenge, becoming one of the most defining presidents of the 20th century. He handled the Cuban Missile crisis with strength and excellent diplomacy, he took a public stance in support of Civil Rights at a time that it was politically unpopular, and he even put the country on the path to putting the first man on the moon. I chose to do my Historical Investigation Report on John F. Kennedy’s presidency and assassination for a few reasons. First, I already had a decent amount of backgroundShow MoreRelatedJfk, An American Thriller Directed By Oliver Stone1349 Words   |  6 Pagesshooting of President John F. Kennedy and the ensuing cover-up perceived through the eyes of former New Orleans District Attorney, Jim Garrison, who is played by renowned American actor, Kevin Costner. Some years following President Kennedy’s assassination, Jim Garrison filed charges against New Orleans entrepreneur Clay Shaw, who is played by actor Tommy Lee Jones. Clay Shaw was accused of allegedly conspiring against and c ontributing to a plot to murder President John F. Kennedy, for which Lee HarveyRead MoreJfk s Alleged Assassin By Geoff Hamilton Claims1223 Words   |  5 PagesAssassin in Recent American Literature† author Geoff Hamilton claims, â€Å"He learned to register more keenly than others the maddening and stultifying tendencies of the culture, and his lessons are written into the substance of 22 November 1963... his historical role infinitely larger than anyone would like... who [Oswald] can tell us most about what s killing us.† (pg.664). Nobody knows for sure who killed the president because Lee Oswald, the only suspect for the assassination, died before being takenRead MoreThe Death Of John F. Kennedy1183 Words   |  5 PagesOn November 22, 1963, our president, John F. Kennedy, was shot and killed while riding through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was identified as the lone assassin hours after thousands of Texans witnessed the horrific last shot sha ttering their beloved president’s right temple. Six months later, a report of the investigation was released by the Warren Commission. Unreported findings caused the majority of America to question the accuracy of the results to what happened that day.Read MoreThe Assassination of John Fitzgerald Kennedy2042 Words   |  9 Pages1963, John Fitzgerald Kennedy had five days tour in Taxes. He planned to make a speech in commercial business center in Dallas. President Kennedy was sitting in an open top limousine. The motorcade drove a very slow speed in the streets of Dallas. Many residents watched and welcomed John F. Kennedy and his wife. After making a turn in the main street, a sniper hided in the sixth floor window in the City Library, shot President Kennedy by two bullets, one on the head one on the neck. Kennedy was declaredRead MoreThe Assassination Of President John F. Kennedy1951 Words   |  8 Pagesman defined by his morality, however his appeasing methods were perc eived by some as a weakness, ultimately preluding his inescapable death. It is to a highly significant extent that the CIA was responsible for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, as contrasting ideologies, acting as motive, integrated with extensive influence and power, enabled the CIA to eliminate JFK, to infiltrate their own desired means of governing. as an impediment of desired governing. Uncertainty of motives, correspondingRead MoreOliver Stones JFK1431 Words   |  6 Pages Oliver Stones JFK was a movie about the investigation by a district attorney, Jim Garrison, about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. JFK was one of the most controversial films of its time dealing with the decades-long debate about who actually killed President Kennedy. Was it done by the lone gunman Lee Harvey Oswald and his magic bullet that pierced through the bodies of the two men creating seven wounds? Or was it the end result of a detailed scheme masterminded by the Mafia Read More`` Libra, By Don Delillo And The Conspiracy Assassinate President John F. Kennedy1226 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature is the ability to combine historical elements with fictionalized elements to create a story that presents an alternative truth—one that could be true and yet significantly deviates from the reported truth. Don DeLillo’s poignant novel Libra is a prime example of historiographic metafiction, bringing fictional characters, conversations, and events together to tell the story of Lee Harvey Oswald and the conspiracy to assassinate President John F. Kennedy. Likewise, philosopher Jacques DerridaRead MoreJfk : The Assassination Of President Kennedy1448 Words   |  6 Pagesafter the catastrophic death of the thirty-fifth president of the United States, John F. Kennedy. Kennedy arrived in Dallas with his wife, Mrs. Jacqueline Kennedy, by his side and rode in a convertible limousine behind John and Nellie Connolly through Dealy Plaza. When the moto rcade took way through downtown Dallas, shots were fired at president Kennedy soon killing him. The assassination of president John F. Kennedy made questions surface about his death, and when those questions were left unansweredRead MoreDefining Moment Of The Twentieth Century : The Assassination Of John F. Kennedy1829 Words   |  8 PagesA defining moment of the twentieth century: the assassination of John F. Kennedy.   On November 22nd, 1963, the president of the United States of America was travelling in a motorcade down the streets of Dallas, Texas, when three loud shots rang out through the air (Summary).   In an instant, President Kennedy had been brutally shot and killed, startling people worldwide.   At the time, such a gruesome attack was unheard of-- after all, who would want to harm the man who gave the country hope? (ABC)Read MoreThe Bay Of Pigs1217 Words   |  5 Pages This invasion was to overthrow the communist leader, Fidel Castro, had power in office until the year 2008. The main reason for the failure, many believe, is because of the Central Intelligence Agency, under the power of the young President John F. Kennedy (Bay of Pigs 378). The purpose of this research paper is to review the events of what was supposed to happen, opposed to what actually took place. Communism is a different type of economic system in which only one person, or a group of people

Literary Analysis Of The Kite Runner - 1229 Words

Shyanne Nobles Ms. Mastrokyriakos English 4A Literary Analysis on â€Å"The Kite Runner† Edward Michael a British adventurer, writer and television presenter of Man vs. Wild always says â€Å"survival can be summed up in three words - never give up. That’s the heart of it really. Just keep trying†. The Kite Runner is a fictional book with a heartbreaking plot and struggling characters that are easily sympathetic to the readers. An Afghani child that has to make life changing decisions at such a young age ends up growing into an man who has to figure out his life after the death of a loved one and his past comes back to haunt him. Although not in the typical â€Å"fend for yourself’ fashion, this is survival, finding the will to keep moving on even after life dealt him a bad hand. Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner analyzed many different themes throughout the book, among those are survival, and how it figures into the lives of the main characters. Ali, the servant to Amir and Baba and the father of Hassan, has lived his whole life as an outc ast. The struggle he goes through daily being handicapped and illiterate are normal life for a man such as himself. Ali pushes through life as adults avoid him and mere children make fun of him because of his leg and face. Ali struggles with polio which has causes his leg to , which was affected by having polio, and his face, which was affected by congenital paralysis. Amir, the person in which the book’s point of view took place, said â€Å"They chasedShow MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis : The Kite Runner And Oedipus Rex1292 Words   |  6 PagesThe Kite Runner Oedipus Rex: Literary Analysis Essay Although The Kite Runner and Oedipus Rex differ from the style in which they were written and by the authors who wrote them what they do share are common themes. Both the play and the book share two major subject matters. Guilt is one theme that is seen constantly between Amir dealing with it in The Kite Runner written by Khaled Hosseini and Oedipus and Jocasta’s struggle with it in Oedipus Rex written by Sophocles. Another theme found in bothRead MoreThe Kite Runner Literary Analysis Essay831 Words   |  4 PagesThe Kite Runner Analysis The expression riddled with guilt is a good way to describe the main characters life, Amir, in the book The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini. The Kite Runner is a story about an Afghan boy, Amir, who has many hardships throughout his life as he grows from a boy living in war-torn Afghanistan, to a successful writer living in America. Amir experiences many events that caused him to carry a great amount of guilt throughout his life. So much guilt that it evenRead MoreA Literary Analysis of Internal and External Conflict in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini838 Words   |  3 PagesMiguel Anguel Ruiz once said, â€Å"People like to say that the conflict is between good and evil. The real conflict is between truth and lies† (Ruiz). Many conflicts are faced by the protagonists in Khaled Hosseini’s writing of The Kite Runner, where the protagonists: Amir and Hassan must survive an ever changing cultural landscape; where corrupt governments and deceit are commonpla ce. Throughout the progression of the plot, the audience views a very different side of Amir, from a boy immersed in a worldRead MoreAchieve a Level Four Performance in an Oral Exam Through the Formal Speech/the Oral Essay1002 Words   |  5 Pagesuntil I met a man who had no feet.† How much more we suddenly know about the shoes and the feet, thinking of them together. This is the power of comparison and contrast. In this comparative-analysis essay, you need to describe, explore, and explain how different events, characters, or ideas in two literary texts are connected or related. You need to draw them together to show how they are similar and/or different. While â€Å"comparing† is widely accepted as including both similarities and differencesRead MoreThe Kite Runner By Khaled Hosseini1574 Words   |  7 PagesHosseini’s, The Kite Runner, is love. The Kite Runner follows Amir, the main character, finding redemption from a series of traumatic childhood ev ents. Throughout the novel, the author uses many powerful symbols to represent the complexity of love that many experience in relationships. The use of the kite, the pomegranate tree, the slingshot, and the cleft lip all tie together to underscore a universal theme of love. To begin, the most explicit symbol present in the book is the kite. The kite representsRead MoreHow does Hosseini tell the story of the kite runner in chapter 1?942 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿How does Hosseini tell the story of the Kite Runner in chapter 1? Khaled Hosseini uses a veritable smorgasbord of literary and narrative techniques to tell the story of ‘The Kite Runner’. From engaging in the use of foreshadowing and symbolism, to characterisation and the way he styles his prose. Below is an analysis of how he does so. As mentioned, Hosseini’s use of foreshadowing almost encapsulates the chapter. Baba states that â€Å"God [should] help us all†, anticipating the Talibans takeoverRead More Differences that Divide Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesmore easily understood â€Å"black and white† groups. In Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner, the characters, representative of the surrounding cultures portrayed, frequently participate in acts of inclusion and exclusion on the basis of ethnicity, religion, and lifestyle as a means of dividing the population into clearly defined, mutually exclusive groups. This underlying expression of discrimination serves as a modern critical analysis against society’s prevalent tenets of inequality. The first form of discriminationRead MoreEssay On Hassan As An Archetype1014 Words   |  5 Pagespresent strong character development and allow the author to provide a more profound meaning to symbolic actions, setting, symbols and overall push forward a stronger, and more refined and meaningful theme. The essay seeks to explore the literary techniques employed by Hosseini in the character development of Hassan, and to argue that Hassan is an archetypal Christ-like figure. In conjunction, this essay will also explore how the plot, structure, and action contributed to the character developmentRead MoreThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption2381 Words   |  10 PagesThe Kite Runner: Forgiveness, Loyalty, and the Quest for Redemption Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner is an award-winning novel and considered one of today’s most popular, contemporary classics. The story is one of familiar themes such as loyalty, forgiveness, betrayal, love, and redemption. It follows the tale of Amir and how he must atone for his sins and find a way to â€Å"be good again† (Hosseini 2). The quintessential message of this book relies on the idea of second chances. Themes of redemptionRead MoreCritical Analysis Of The Kite Runner 1899 Words   |  8 PagesCritical Analysis of The Kite Runner â€Å"It may be unfair, but what happens in a few days, sometimes even a single day, can change the course of a whole lifetime†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (142). Khaled Hosseini’s The Kite Runner unfolds the story of the affluent youth Amir and his servant friend Hassan, who are separated by a traumatizing sexual assault and the 1979 Soviet Union invasion of Afghanistan. Despite a fresh start in San Francisco, Amir is devoured by guilt for failing to protect his loyal friend. Many years later

Contributory Negligence Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Contributory Negligence. Answer: The issue at hand in this case that has been presented is that of negligence. In this case, Ruth claims that she was injured after of what is as a result of work that had been undertaken by Keith. Keith had purported that he was a qualified carpenter prompting Ruth to believe in his work. It is important to understand that a professional carpenter must be able to know that a rotting timber tread may be dangerous and that the same must be replaced by treated timber. As a result of the actions of Keith it can be recorded that Ruth suffered injuries and lost her job which resulted into increased injuries. It is essential to understand that in order for one to file for a negligencelaw suit their must be damages as it is in the case of the Ruth. By reference to the facts that have been provided, Ruth can file for contributory negligence in order to ensure that he is awarded partial damages as a result of the injuries he suffered. It is essential to understand that in contributory negligence there is no single party that is blamed for an injury caused but rather the blame is distributed equally among all the parties that were part of the actions that resulted to the injury (Robinette Sherland, 2003). In this case, Ruth can absorb Keith from all the blame of the injuries that were as a result of his poor work and request to have the blame distributed equally on both parties. However, there are a number of elements that Ruth must be able to satisfy in order to effectively put up a case. It must be understood that the burden of proof in this case lies entirely on the Plaintiff and they must convince the court without any reasonable doubt that the actions of the defendant contributed to the injury that occurred to them. First, it is essential to understand that in a contributory case, the plaintiff does not entirely place the blame on the defendant but rather on their part also (Rowe, 2009). Ruth should be able to explain to the court that her failure to inspect the work and take care of herself while walking on the tread had resulted to her injuries. This will have the court understand that she is sincere in her quest and that she is not out there just trying to take advantage of her circumstances to fleece Keith of his money. The case of Davies V Swan Motor co. is one of the cases that contributory negligence has been blamed partly on the plaintiff (Dange es, Occupiers). In the case the plaintiff had caused their injury by dangerously standing on a moving lorry. Although the lorry driver was partly to blame for driving while there was a person dangerously hanging from it was important that they considered the same would cause harm to the person. Proof of negligence is also a very important factor that should be considered in order to try and convince the court to award damages. The proof of negligence also requires to be proven by taking into consideration a number of aspects (McDonald, 2007). One of the aspects that can be used while trying to prove negligence is that of going against a statute. In most cases, statues outline how people should act in various situations and the standard of care that is required. If anyone goes against this standards they can be assumed to be negligent and the same used against them. Keiths actions in this case however do not go against any set statute that directly instructs carpenters to replace rotten woods with new ones. Experts on certain areas can also be approached to provide their evidence on whether or not the defendant was negligent while undertaking their duties (Magnus et al., 2004). This testimony can be used in favor or against the defendant depending on its nature. Ruth can req uest the services of experienced carpenters to testify to the court whether Keith was negligent or not on how he handled the repairs yet he claimed to be an expert on the same. Customs is also another factor that can be used in trying to determine whether or not a defendant was negligent or not. If there is a custom whereby certain activities are undertaken in a similar manner it is important to note that the same can be used against or for the benefit of the defendant (Levy et al., 2016). Therefore in this case, it is customary for carpenters to replace rotting wood with new treated wood in order to ensure the safety of the people. Keith failed to undertake this and as a result Ruth was injured. The other element that should be proven in the court in the case is that of the defendant owing the plaintiff the duty of care (Stewart Stuhmcke, 2009). It is essential to understand that according to the natural laws of justice while people are undertaking services they should owe the other party the duty of care. In this case Keith owed Ruth the duty of care by ensuring that the repairs he undertook were safe and not endangering her life. However, the same did not happen since Keith did not replace the rotten wood which would thereafter cause injury to Ruth. Ruth can try and present to the court that if it was not for Keiths actions of claiming to be a qualified carpenter the injuries would have not occurred. In Barrett v MOD The duty of care arose whereby the ministry of defence did not take care of the plaintiff husbands leading to excessive drinking (People v. Barrett, 943 N.E.2d 329, 373 Ill. App. 3d 1144 (App. Ct. 2007). The facts of the case were that the plaintiffs husband had been celebrating a recent promotion as well as his birthday whereby he indulged in excessive drinking at the duty free bar. After a couple of drinks he passed out whereby the commanding officer instructed a junior officer to go and take care of him. After some time he realized that the officer was not breathing. The wife sued claiming that the Ministry of Defense had the duty of care to ensure that army officers at the base did not dangerously get drunk. The court ruled that the Ministry of defense was reluctant to enforce the excessive drinking rules thus resulting into the officers death. Due to this action the defendant was accused of contributory negligence and the damages deducted by 25%. It is also essential to point out that the law refrains anybody from undertaking part in activities that endanger the lives of others. This is a duty of care that ensures that people are safe from having their lives endangered and everybody should adhere to the same (Sergienko, 2006). In t his case, Keith failed the duty of care due to the fact that he endangered the life of Ruth by covering the rotten timber yet he very well knew that the same was a threat to her. The court should therefore take into consideration this fact in order to ensure that Ruth the required justice. The plaintiff must also present to the court that the defendant failed to act in a reasonable way. It is important to understand that if the defendant failed to act in a reasonable manner (Giliker Beckwith, 2009). Keith had the duty to understand that it would only be reasonable to replace the rotten wood with a new one. Therefore, in this case, it would be deemed that a reasonable person would be able to understand that the failure to replace the rotten wood would result to injury to a person who would walk on it. In his case Keith failed to act as a reasonable person resulting to the accident. There are a number of factors that are considered when trying to determine what who a reasonable person is depending on different situations. One of the factors that are considered when trying to prove the element of reasonable person in contributory negligence is that of special skills. When an action is undertaken it is important to understand whether the person undertaking the same needed any special skills yet the plaintiff did not consider the same at the first place (Schwartz Rowe, 2010). In this case, we can see that Keith claimed to be a skilled carpenter and won Ruths heart and got the job. Therefore, it is important to understand that Ruth expected the job undertaken to be within the standards that any professional carpenter can undertake. The other aspect that is considered when trying to figure out who is a reasonable person is that of age. One cannot sue children with contributory negligence due to their actions (Zirkel Clark, 2007). According to the law, children are not regarded as reasonable people. Keith in this case was not a child and therefore the aspect of a reasonable person cannot be ruled out. It is also important to ensure that the mental capacity of the person being sued is assessed in order to get a better understanding of the person. People with mental disorders cannot be sued for their actions and it is very important to understand that a mental capacity test should be undertaken on Keith. This is because he lied on an advert that he was a qualified carpenter prompting Ruth to award her the job yet he was not qualified to undertake such a job. Apart from the mental capacities the other factor that is highly considered while trying to determine a reasonable person is that of physical characteristics (Schwartz Rowe, 2010). It is important to understand that people with some physical deformities may not be able to undertake some tasks and it is up to the plaintiff to consider this while awarding someone a job in order to prevent future disputed. For example, Ruth should not have expected that Keith would be able to complete the work if he was blind. However, in this case there is no mental incapability that has been noted and it is expected that Keith should have presented his work to the required standards. It is also essential to understand that the court also needs to understand that the defendant was aware that there actions would result in to injury. As a carpenter Keith should have been able to ensure that the work delivered is of the highest standards possible. Therefore in this case, it is deemed appropriate to state that Keith understood the consequences of the poor work that he delivered to his client and this case should be able to face the consequences. The other element that Ruth must be able to satisfy the court with is the fact that she actually experienced injury as a result of the negligence of the plaintiff (Little, 2007). In this case, we can see that Ruth suffered a number of injuries and financial damage as a result of the injuries incurred. In this case, the defendant must be able to partially refund Ruth for some of the damages incurred in order to enable get herself to the initial places that she was at. In conclusion, it is essential to understand that one can sue a party for contributory negligence in order to be awarded damages. In this case, Ruth suffered injuries that were partly caused by her lack to take note of the unskilled work as well as the poor work that Keith had undertaken. As noted Keith had purported to be a skilled carpenter in an advert yet he was not and as a reason of this he delivered substandard work. However in order to prove contributory negligence, Ruth must be able to prove a number of contributory negligence elements. One of the elements that must be proven is that proof of negligence (McMillan, 2005). There is need to showcase the court that there was actual negligence that happened due to an act or omission of the defendant. There is also the need to ensure that there was damage that resulted as a cause of the defendants actions. Ruth can present to the court evidence of the injuries she suffered and job loss in order to pray for damages. In this case, i t is important to understand in contributory negligence that it is also important for the defendant to present to the court that their actions also were part of the cause of the damage incurred. References Robinette, C.J. and Sherland, P.G., 2003. Contributory or Comparative: Which Is the Optimal Negligence Rule.N. Ill. UL Rev.,24, p.41.herland, 2003) Rowe, E.A., 2009. Contributory negligence, technology, and trade secrets. Magnus, U., Martn-Casals, M. and van Boom, W.H., 2004.Unification of tort law: contributory negligence(Vol. 8). Kluwer Law International. Levy, N.M., Golden, M.M. and Sacks, L., 2016.Comparative Negligence, Assumption of the Risk, and Related Defenses(Vol. 1). California Torts. Stewart, P.E. and Stuhmcke, A.G., 2009.Australian principles of tort law. The Federation Press. Giliker, P. and Beckwith, S., 2000.Tort. Sweet and Maxwell. Zirkel, P.A. and Clark, J.H., 2007. School negligence case law trends.S. Ill. ULJ,32, p.345. Schwartz, V.E. and Rowe, E.F., 2010.Comparative negligence. LexisNexis. Little, W.B., 2007. It Is Much Easier to Find Fault with Others, Than to be Faultless Ourselves: Contributory Negligence as a Bar to Claim for Breach of the Implied Warranty of Merchantability.Campbell L. Rev.,30, p.81. McMillan, J. (2005). Contributory Negligence and Statutory Damage Limits-An Old Alternative to a Contemporary Movement.Idaho L. Rev.,42, 269. McDonald, B., 2007. The Impact of the Civil Liability Legislation on Fundamental Policies and Principles of the Common Law of Negligence. Sergienko, G.S., 2006. Assumption of Risk as a Defense to Negligence.W. St. UL Rev.,34, p.1. DANGEESOCCUPIER'S, T.N.I.U., Students may also like to refer to Yachuk v. Oliver Blais Co., Ltd.[1949] AC 386a Privy Council case of a like nature. JGF. People v. Barrett, 943 N.E.2d 329, 373 Ill. App. 3d 1144 (App. Ct. 2007).